Administrative Law
Mohammadjavad Javid; Omid Norouzi; Tahereh Farmanesh
Abstract
The content of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be considered based on two types of gender discrimination against women, which can be analyzed in two ways: positive and negative. Women have the same rights as men in the field of administrative and labor law, and it is emphasized in ...
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The content of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be considered based on two types of gender discrimination against women, which can be analyzed in two ways: positive and negative. Women have the same rights as men in the field of administrative and labor law, and it is emphasized in the Constitution. Article 21 of the Constitution, targets women's rights and obliged the government to guarantee women's rights in all aspects by observing Islamic standards. However, the requirement to comply with Islamic standards caused the word political man to be associated with a gendered interpretation in the interpretation of Article 115 of Constitution, without necessarily having such an intention on the part of the legislator. The interpretation of Iran's Guardian Council in 2015 also did not help to solve this problem in favor of women's rights and to achieve equal political rights with men, and this discrimination remains in effect. The research method of this article is qualitative with a descriptive analytical approach and gathering information from articles, books and internet sites. The result is that because the majority of men dominate the administrative affairs, the interpretation of the Guardian Council has led to discrimination against women in practice and unintentionally, and although positive discrimination in favor of women is included in the Iranian Constitution, but in the practice of interpretation of this Council; its effect has overshadowed and led to negative discrimination against women
International Rights
Tahereh Farmanesh; Omid Norouzi; Ali Taghikhani; Ebrahim Moghadam
Abstract
Today, the centrality of military security is interwoven with biological and climate issues at the national and international levels, and more than ever, these aspects have received the attention of world leaders and politicians. In this direction and in order to investigate the major environmental issues ...
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Today, the centrality of military security is interwoven with biological and climate issues at the national and international levels, and more than ever, these aspects have received the attention of world leaders and politicians. In this direction and in order to investigate the major environmental issues and the impact of these issues on national security in a descriptive-analytical way and by referring to library sources and examining them, we are looking for an answer to the question that the impact of climate and environmental changes in to what extent is Iran's national security? This study showed that the security approach to the environment, in international law, has a fundamental place in the laws of countries. This issue has had a wide influence in the field of technology, business, industry, energy use. At the same time, work specialization and the growing role of social organizations in weakening the restrictions imposed by the environment have had a tremendous impact on the proliferation of security problems, and as a result, it has weakened the atmosphere of international relations between governments and sometimes led to conflicts. Is. This article also shows that in Iranian law, issues related to water shortage crisis and air pollution have an immediate and vital importance in terms of security and have managed to overshadow national security and authority
